Strategi Mengerjakan Toefl Grammar

 

GRAMMAR/STRUCTURE

NORMAL SENTENCE PATERN
IN ENGLISH

Subject Verb Complement Modifier
(predicate) (object) (adverb)
John and I ate a pizza last night
We studied “present perfect” last week.

Learn the following sentences and their sentence patterns!

·         Verb complement modifier
“Urutannya subject + Verb + complement + modifier”, tidak bisa dibalik antara complement dengan modifier”
Identify the subject, verb, and modifier

1.      George is cooking dinner.

2.      Henry and Marcia have visited the president.

3.      We can eat lunch in this restaurant today.

4.      Pat should have visited the president.

5.      We can eat lunch in this restaurant today.

6.      Trees grow

7.      It was raining at seven o’clock this morning.

8.      Jill is buying a new hat in the store.

9.      Harry is washing dishes right now.

10.  She opened her book.

·         Subject pronouns Vs Possessive adjectives

-          My car is new.

-          He has a house.

-          His house is old

-          And so on….

-          I have a car.
I was in English as a subject = "I", when an object = "me" .. Then when I declare function belongs changed to "my", then you become a guide, and so on. Subject pronouns Possessive adjectives

VERBS AS COMPLEMENTS
Verbs as Complements, meaning verbs as complementary. That is often a verb that functions as a complement, the complement of other verbs. example:

1.      He agrees to meet.

2.      He enjoys sitting there.

3.      Said meet is as a complementary word agrees, but consider written to meet to meet. Not meet alone or plus ing meeting.

4.      Meanwhile ing verb word followed enjoys sitting, not sit alone, or to sit.

5.      So this material teaches that there is a list of verbs that are followed "to verb", and there is a list of verbs that are followed by verb-ing.

6.      TOEFL test in this material very often tested.

A.    Verbs infinitives (to verb)

Example :

-          Marry learned to swim when she was very young.

-          The soldiers are preparing to attack the village.

-          The budget committee decided to postpone this meeting.

B.     Verbs gerund (verb ing)

Example :

-          John admitted stealing the money.

-          We enjoyed seeing them again.

-          Michael was considering buying a new car.

-          John gave up smoking

-          Marry insisted on taking the bus instead of the plane.

-          Fred confessed to stealing the jewels.

THE VERB NEED
“The boy needs cutting his hair” or The boy needs to cut his hair”……?
Need followed by the infinitive verb / verb to object only if the subject is alive. But if the subject is inanimate then need a verb followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or followed by “to be + past participle (Verb 3)”

A.    Subject of life + infinitive

-          John and his brother need to paint the house.

-          My friend needs to learn Spanish

-          He will need to drive

B.     Subject inanimate objects + verb ing (to be+ past participle)

-          The grass needs cutting. OR The grass needs to be painted.

-          The television needs repairing. OR The television needs to be repaired.

-          The composition needs rewriting. OR The composition needs to be written.
“atention”, we use “in need of” with folowing rules.
subject + be + in need of + noun

For examples

1.      Jill is in need of money. (Jill needs money)

2.      The roof is in need of repairing. (The roof needs to be repaired.)

3.      The organization is in need of volunteers. (The organization needs volunteers.)
• Exercise
1. It’s too hot and my hair needs … (cut).
2. The computer needs … (repair).
3. James needs ….. (see) a doctor.
4. Marry will need … (make) a new dress for the party.
5. His car needs … (tune).
6. You will need … to be here at night.
7. The house needs … (paint) soon.